![]() ![]() ![]() In Indonesia, the religious texts that read by these people were then specifically designated as kitab gundul in order to distinguish them from the book written with the diacritical aids. As for the people who mastered the rules of Arabic grammar, they weren't required to employ harakat in their readings. Most of the Islamic scholarly manuscripts produced after the Rashidun Caliphate were written in Arabic without employing harakat in general, unlike the Qur'an which was specifically aided by Arabic diacritics for non-Arab Muslims. It is also known as kitab gundul lit: Therefore, mastering of kitab kuning is considered to require a substantial amount of time. Kitab kuning lit: Coverage of kitab kuning extends from the principles of Islamic jurisprudence usul al-fiqh, Islamic creeds aqidah, Islamic ethics akhlaq, science of Islamic mysticism tasawwuf, sciences of Arabic language, science of Qur'anic recitations tajwid, hadith studies, tafsir, Qur'anic studies to social sciences.
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